Russia

Before 1 July 2003, Russia was one of the four countries of the world and one of the two European countries (at the moment - Armenia), which acted not necessarily "avtograzhdanka. All over the world have long been accustomed to the fact that life without a special sticker on the front glass and the policy of compulsory motor insurance is as unthinkable as driving without the rights of regular maintenance.
Liability insurance began to develop in the thirties of the XX century due to the sharp increase in the number of victims of car accidents on the roads of the USA and Europe. At the present time such insurance is in almost all countries around the world. In the USSR, the introduction of voluntary insurance of civil liability of owners of motor vehicles was introduced only in 1991.
«Green Card» was founded in Europe in 50 years to facilitate the smooth movement of vehicles across the borders of funds and to obtain reimbursement for victims of accidents involving cars entering the country. To date, the number of participants in the system increased from 13 to 44 countries. The "green card" includes almost all European, as well as a number of Mediterranean and North African countries.
International Green Card System was introduced in 1953, after most European countries have adopted laws on compulsory insurance of civil liability of vehicle owners. The first policies were mandatory avtostrahovok green - hence the name. Subsequently it was used in the system of international treaties on mutual recognition of the policy of compulsory insurance avtograzhdanki. Currently, "Green Card" is a prerequisite for the entry of foreign citizens in the cars in the country, in this system.
And now a little on the prices of «avtograzhdanku».
For example, in Germany, the owner of a golf-car class, which in three years than are involved in an accident, pays for the policy of the euro in the 1000-1200 year. At a more expensive car insurance costs from 3700 euros per year. In Italy, the cost of "avtograzhdanku" depend not only on the class of car, engine capacity, the experience of the driver, but even his sex - women are granted a discount because it is believed that they drive more carefully.
Today, mandatory liability insurance is valid in the 45 U.S. states. In five states the existence of such insurance need - in the rest of the state law requires the driver to the existence of at least the minimum insurance package. Worth it, depending on the location of the driver $ 500 to $ 1000 per year. However, the conditions of insurance, in particular the minimum amount of insurance coverage and the value of insurance premiums, vary widely from state to state. In one state the owner of the car is not even able to register without mandatory insurance, the other - with you and will not require anyone to submit an insurance policy before the first accident or offense. Rates for insurance in the United States outside the State, and often determined by insurance companies. The amount of annual fee calculated on a complex pattern of points and bonuses, taking into account the cost of car insurance and driver's history over the past year.
The basic parameters of insurance coverage, which provides insurance in the U.S. are determined by three numbers - the value of the maximum recovery of physical and moral damages for each victim, the amount of payment to all those affected by the accident and the money of the material damage. Depending on the state minimum sum of insurance compensation can range from $ 10 thousand tys./20 / 5 thousand in Mississippi to $ 50 tys./100 tys./25 thousands in the state of Maine.
AGO insurance rates are generally set at the state level. Moreover, in most countries, auto liability insurance is only one goskompaniey. In Eastern Europe, to the definition of the limit of liability, each country has come in its own way. In the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary have established mandatory unlimited coverage, which is auto liability insurance policy and there is always fully cover the damage caused to third parties. In Poland, Croatia and Slovenia, the minimum coverage is comparable to the real cost of disaster repair and the price of medical services. But in Latvia and Ukraine established the minimum level of coverage is extremely low and does not provide adequate compensation to victims.
Cover the losses of private individuals in the "Green Card" unlimited in Belgium, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, the United Kingdom, Finland and Norway. In other countries the coverage is very uneven: more than $ 36 million - in Sweden, more than $ 10 million - in Denmark, about $ 2 million - in Switzerland, $ 1 million - in the Netherlands, $ 880 thousand - in Italy, $ 580 thousand - in Germany, $ 113 Thousands - in Spain. All coverage applies to damage caused by passengers carried, including the family members responsible policyholder. Coatings are not limited to property damage only in Belgium and Luxembourg. In other countries, limits are also very scattered. Starting with $ 36 million - in Sweden to $ 32 thousand - in Spain. They are: Denmark and Switzerland - about $ 2 million, Austria - $ 900 thousand, France - $ 511 thousand, United Kingdom - $ 370 thousand, Germany - $ 231 thousand
In many countries (eg Belgium, Ireland, United Kingdom, Spain and Finland) there is no special requirement on the responsibility of motorists. Responsibility of the driver is determined by the provisions of the Penal Code and is based on the principle of culpability, which must be proved by the plaintiff. On the contrary, in many other countries adopted a special provision that relieves the victim from having to prove the guilt of the driver. The system, based on presumed guilt - in Italy, with the objective responsibility - in Austria, Denmark, France, Greece, Norway, Sweden, in some cases, within the limit of the sums in some countries (Germany), and only for bodily injury (in Spain and Finland ).
• Almost all markets in the "green card" organized system of discount / premium to the prize for passing a bad policy, which allows you to raise or reduce the premium, depending on road accidents claimed the insured (the system of bonus-malus). Maximal rates improve greatly varies from country to country (from +65% to +250%), as well as the reduction factor, which varies from -20% to -75%. In all countries, the state or the social authorities are charging a premium fee of compulsory insurance of civil liability for various interest rates (which can reach 50%, such as in Denmark).
• Everywhere except the United Kingdom, the third person injured, have a right of direct action against the insurer of the defendant. In principle, the insured shall as soon as possible to declare a road accident, the insurer. The application must be made within 3 days in Italy, 5 days - in France, 7 days - in Spain and 8 days - in Belgium. Belgium - based on the commitments made by insurers in France - through legislation, mandatory civil liability of the insurer to make the persons affected by the accident and the injured, a proposal for compensation or provisional payment of compensation within three months after the accident.
• It is worth noting that even in countries where such obligations in the legislation or the contract does not specify dates eliminate the majority of losses on the short. For example, in Germany at 75% of cases (property damage and / or bodily injury), recovery occurs within two months after the road accident, and in 85% of cases - within 6 months. • In some countries (Belgium, Italy, Netherlands, United Kingdom, etc.), trade unions, insurers have created bodies of reconciliation OMBUDSMAN, to try to resolve disputes that may arise between the insured and third parties affected by the accident. In general, road accidents are rarely the cause of recourse against the insurer, at least, because of property damage, which in the vast majority of cases settled through peaceful means.
• In some countries, "Green Card" (for example, Belgium, Netherlands, United Kingdom), insurance agents are the main distributors of insurance of cars. In Germany, Austria, Spain, Italy and Switzerland are mainly insurance agents associated with the insurance companies. In France, car insurance, or distributed through related insurance companies representatives, or directly through insurance companies, without intermediaries. " In the Nordic countries, except of representatives of insurance companies, car insurance is sold directly by the insurer or through vendors Road (in Norway and Sweden), as well as through insurance agents, whose role has increased in Denmark and Finland. Finally, it should be emphasized the importance of new methods of sale (direct sale by telephone), which are becoming more common, along with new forms of management of the car insurance that best utilize the most advanced technology in the field of informatics.
*** The idea of compulsory liability insurance car came back in Soviet times - in the distant 1924, but then the next conversation did not get. Think of "avtograzhdanke" and in the 60's, when such laws were adopted in Europe, but feared to act as "rot in the capitalist West."
As shown by the UN, the world's roads each year kills nearly 300 thousand people and nearly 7.5 million are injured. Of these, more than 30 thousand dead - the Russians.

The number of cars intensively

The number of cars intensively grows in our country, and together with it the number of failures grows also. To save up the car in an integrity and safeties all it is more difficult. To the aid of the automobile owner the insurance companies offering to clients all new services and the discounts come. Modern Russian autoinsurance can protect the insurer from three kinds of troubles. First of all, it is responsibility before persons, financially or physically suffered because of the insurer (ОСАГО); except that, damage of own car or its loss (автокаско); and, at last, to insure under the autoinsurance program own health and health of passengers is possible. ОСАГО Obligatory insurance of an autocivil liability (ОСАГО) allows the insurer to compensate a damage which it can put to health or property of the third parties at use of the vehicle. The insurance policy releases its owner from payments to the affected party within the greatest possible sum of indemnification by the given kind of insurance. According to the governmental order, this sum for today makes 400 thousand roubles from which compensation of a damage to health concern 240 thousand, and to compensation of property harm – 160 thousand. Cost ОСАГО is defined not by insurers, and pays off under the tariffs confirmed by the government. The total price of the insurance depends on type of the car, an engine power, a place of registration of the automobile owner, its age and the driving experience, and also from quantity of the persons admitted to steering and presence of the previous insured events. For an example, cost ОСАГО for the 22-year-old Muscovite, with the car of 100 h.p. and the experience of driving till two years, for the first time making out the policy (for one year), makes 4554 roubles. The maximum cost ОСАГО will be at the owner of a car capacity over 150 "horsies", not reached 22-year-old age and at least time already visited road accident with damage compensation under the insurance – 11880 rbl. should not be forgotten that ОСАГО is an obligatory insurance. The legislation takes away to the automobile owner on acquisition of policy ОСАГО five days after vehicle purchase. But even before the expiry of the term any inspector of traffic police can write out to you the penalty for absence of the policy. Besides, the logic prompts that with registration ОСАГО it is better not to pull, that it was not necessary to pay in case of failure the astronomical sum of indemnification from own pocket. Besides insurance ОСАГО, in the majority of the insurance companies it is possible to get also policy ДСАГО (a voluntary autocivil liability), allowing to increase insurance sum ОСАГО if its size provided by the legislation, will not suit you. Kasko Kasko – a voluntary kind of insurance, but thus belongs to it of an order of 90 % of gathering of the autoinsurance market. This insurance protects the car of the insurer and only it, assuming indemnification of a damage from damage or vehicle loss – and it as shows experiment, for automobile owners the most important. The greatest sum, on котору

Insurance of new and second-hand cars

When the person makes the decision on car purchase, before it frequently there is a dilemma: to buy the new car or second-hand? And it is a lot of "versions" of second-hand cars. There are cars in an excellent technical condition, is slightly beaten and simply beaten, and also being on preservation within several years. In each specific case purchases of the new car or second-hand exist the pluses and the minuses, and also some "reefs". As to new cars which are on sale in motor shows, here pluses the following. First, a guarantee of legal cleanliness. The given parametre is very important at car purchase. The motor show, as a rule, acts as the guarantor of absence at the car of the criminal past. Besides, here there is a possibility to choose a desirable complete set, colour, up to an interior upholstery. Also the car will have a guarantee which, however, operates only at regular passage of paid maintenance operation. Cost of this service for, say, three-year operation will make the sum quite comparable to cost of average car repairs at breakage. But it after all can and not happen! There is also one more essential moment - buying absolutely new car you automatically lose about 15-20 % of its cost. As soon as you have left for motor show walls, your car becomes "second-hand" and practically he cannot be sold for the money paid in a motor show. At purchase of the new car there is a possibility to buy it on tick on more favourable conditions, than what are offered for second-hand cars. Besides, the car bought on tick is necessary for insuring, and tariffs for insurance of new cars more sparing, rather than quotations on insurance protection of second-hand cars. It is necessary to remember that often enough the bank lays down a condition - to insure the credit car in the concrete insurance company, thus it at all does not mean that at insured event the bank itself will co-operate with the insurer - i.e. the borrower should receive independently money at the insurance company. Accordingly, if to you suggest to be insured in the company which are not inspiring trust is better to find that bank which co-operates with the known and well proved insurer. Well was recommended on autocrediting Niva by such companies as "Kapital Insurance", Ingosstrah, Alpha insurance, "МРСС" etc. Dear second-hand cars Those people who get such cars like to sound the following postulate: it is better to go in the first class from "the second hands", than in the second class from "first". Really, in it there is a big share of true, as such second-hand cars as, for example, Lexus LS 430 are initially supplied by almost all possible options and the exhaustive list of the additional equipment. Подстать to it there is also a level of passive and active safety. Thus the price such 4-5-летней cars is comparable with стоимост

Nuances of autoinsurance

Nuances of autoinsurance the policy Price автокаско will depend first of all on the sum in which the insurance company will estimate the car. The maximum sum which can be paid the automobile owner at insurance event (the insurance sum), should not exceed the valid cost of the car. If it is a question of the new car, for the insurance sum its price under the inquiry-account can be accepted. Second-hand cars are estimated by means of directories-catalogues or amortisation tariffs (proceeding from the price of the similar car in a new condition). The payment for insurance will depend also on mark of the car and term of its operation. Base tariffs under policies of assurance автокаско for new cars - 7-11 %. Cost of the concrete policy is defined by features of the car (an engine power, mark, model, year of manufacture), and also age and the driver's experience of the owner. If your car was insured on автокаско earlier, but the declared insurance events were not, the insurance company will lower the tariff on 5-10 %. After car visual inspection leaves the autoinsurance contract consists. On the policy there should be a signature of the insurer. Or it is the signature it is in advance put by the manager of the insurance company, on that to representatives, or the signature is put by the agent concluding with you the contract of insurance автокаско. Also you receive the receipt of form А-7 confirming reception of the insurance award (a payment for insurance) if you the physical person and pay in cash. On the receipt there should be a signature of the person who has directly accepted at you money. This person should have the power of attorney on reception of cash money resources. If you conclude the insurance contract through the insurance broker also you should receive the cash register check.

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